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Regional seismic-damage prediction of buildings under mainshock–aftershock sequence

Xinzheng LU, Qingle CHENG, Zhen XU, Chen XIONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 122-134 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0072-x

摘要： Strong aftershocks generally occur following a significant earthquake. Aftershocks further damage buildings weakened by mainshocks. Thus, the accurate and efficient prediction of aftershock-induced damage to buildings on a regional scale is crucial for decision making for post-earthquake rescue and emergency response. A framework to predict regional seismic damage of buildings under a mainshock–aftershock (MS–AS) sequence is proposed in this study based on city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis (THA). Specifically, an MS–AS sequence-generation method is proposed to generate a potential MS–AS sequence that can account for the amplification, spectrum, duration, magnitude, and site condition of a target area. Moreover, city-scale nonlinear THA is adopted to predict building seismic damage subjected to MS–AS sequences. The accuracy and reliability of city-scale nonlinear THA for an MS–AS sequence are validated by as-recorded seismic responses of buildings and simulation results in published literature. The town of Longtoushan, which was damaged during the Ludian earthquake, is used as a case study to illustrate the detailed procedure and advantages of the proposed framework. The primary conclusions are as follows. (1) Regional seismic damage of buildings under an MS–AS sequence can be predicted reasonably and accurately by city-scale nonlinear THA. (2) An MS–AS sequence can be generated reasonably by the proposed MS–AS sequence-generation method. (3) Regional seismic damage of buildings under different MS–AS scenarios can be provided efficiently by the proposed framework, which in turn can provide a useful reference for earthquake emergency response and scientific decision making for earthquake disaster relief.

关键词： regional seismic damage prediction city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis mainshock–aftershock sequence multiple degree-of-freedom (MDOF) model 2014 Ludian earthquake

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Seismic analysis of a super high-rise steel structure with horizontal strengthened storeys

Yuanqing WANG, Hui ZHOU, Yongjiu SHI, Yi HUANG, Gang SHI, Siqing WEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 394-404 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0116-8

摘要： Horizontal strengthened storeys are widely used in super high-rise steel structures to improve the lateral structural rigidity. This use has great effects on the seismic properties of the entire structure. The seismic properties of the Wuhan International Securities Building (a 68-storey super high-rise steel structure with three horizontal strengthened storeys) were evaluated in this study. Two approaches, i.e., mode-superposition response spectrum analysis and time-history analysis, were employed to calculate the seismic response of the structure. The response spectrum analysis indicated that transition parts near the three strengthened storeys were weak zones of the structure because of the abrupt change in rigidity. In the response spectrum analysis approach, the Square Root of Sum of Square (SRSS) method was recommended when the vertical seismic effects could be ignored. However, the complete quadratic combination (CQC) method was superior to SRSS method when the vertical seismic effects should be considered. With the aid of time-history analysis, the seismic responses of the structure were obtained. The whiplash effect that spectrum analysis cannot reveal was observed through time-history analysis. This study provides references for the seismic design of super high-rise steel structures with horizontal strengthened storeys.

关键词： seismic analysis steel structure super high-rise horizontal strengthened storey response spectrum analysis time-history analysis

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Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 855-869 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0972-z

摘要： Seismic analysis of historical masonry bridges is important for authorities in all countries hosting such cultural heritage assets. The masonry arch bridge investigated in this study was built during the Roman period and is on the island of Rhodes, in Greece. Fifteen seismic records were considered and categorized as far-field, pulse-like near-field, and non-pulse-like near-field. The earthquake excitations were scaled to a target spectrum, and nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in the transverse direction. The performance levels were introduced based on the pushover curve, and the post-earthquake damage state of the bridge was examined. According to the results, pulse-like near-field events are more damaging than non-pulse-like near-field ground motions. Additionally the bridge is more vulnerable to far-field excitations than near-field events. Furthermore, the structure will suffer extensive post-earthquake damage and must be retrofitted.

关键词： masonry arch bridges seismic behavior modal properties pulse-like records nonlinear time history analysis

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Nonlinear dynamics of a wind turbine tower

A. GESUALDO, A. IANNUZZO, F. PENTA, M. MONACO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 342-350 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0524-3

摘要： The recent proliferation of wind turbines has revealed problems in their vulnerability under different site conditions, as evidenced by recent collapses of wind towers after severe actions. Analyses of structures subjected to variable actions can be conducted through several methods with different accuracy levels. Nonlinear dynamics is the most reliable among such methods. This study develops a numerical procedure to obtain approximate solutions for rigid-plastic responses of structures subjected to base harmonic pulses. The procedure’s model is applied to a wind turbine tower subjected to inertial forces generated by harmonic ground acceleration, and failure is assumed to depend on the formation of shear hinges. The proposed approach provides an efficient representation of the post-elastic behavior of the structure, has a low computational cost and high effectiveness, and uses a limited number of mechanical parameters.

关键词： nonlinear dynamics plastic shear failure modal approximation time history

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General expression for linear and nonlinear time series models

Ren HUANG, Feiyun XU, Ruwen CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 15-24 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0015-z

摘要： The typical time series models such as ARMA, AR, and MA are founded on the normality and stationarity of a system and expressed by a linear difference equation; therefore, they are strictly limited to the linear system. However, some nonlinear factors are within the practical system; thus, it is difficult to fit the model for real systems with the above models. This paper proposes a general expression for linear and nonlinear auto-regressive time series models (GNAR). With the gradient optimization method and modified AIC information criteria integrated with the prediction error, the parameter estimation and order determination are achieved. The model simulation and experiments show that the GNAR model can accurately approximate to the dynamic characteristics of the most nonlinear models applied in academics and engineering. The modeling and prediction accuracy of the GNAR model is superior to the classical time series models. The proposed GNAR model is flexible and effective.

关键词： linear and nonlinear autoregressive model system identification time series analysis

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Real time monitoring for analysis of dam stability: Potential of nonlinear elasticity and nonlinear dynamics

T. CHELIDZE, T. MATCHARASHVILI, V. ABASHIDZE, M. KALABEGISHVILI, N. ZHUKOVA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 188-205 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0199-5

摘要： Large dams are complex structures with nonlinear dynamic behavior. Engineers often are forced to assess dam safety based on the available incomplete data, which is extremely difficult. This important problem can be solved with the modern theory of complex systems. It is possible to derive characteristics of the whole unknown dynamics of a structure using few data sets of certain carefully selected representative parameter(s). By means of high quality continuous records of some geotechnical characteristic(s) of a dam and modern methods of time series linear/nonlinear analysis the main dynamical features of the entire, unknown process (here—dam deformation) can be analyzed. ?We created the cost-effective Monitoring Telemetric System for Dam Diagnostics (DAMWATCH), which consists of sensors (tiltmeters), terminal and central controllers connected by the GSM/GPRS Modem to the diagnostic center. The tilt data recorded for varying reservoir level are compared with static design model of dam deformations computed by a finite element method (FEM) for the dam-reservoir-foundation system. Besides, recently developed linear/nonlinear data analysis and prediction schemes may help to quantify fine dynamical features of the dam behavior. The software package DAMTOOL has been developed for this purpose. ?The differences between measured and theoretically predicted response parameters of the dam may signal abnormal behavior of the object. The data obtained already by testing of the DAMWATCH/DAMTOOL system during operation of the high Enguri arc dam and reservoir (Georgia) show interesting long-term and short-term patterns of tilts in the dam body, which can be used for dam diagnostics. The proposed real-time telemetric monitoring (DAMWATCH) complex and linear/nonlinear dynamical analysis system (DAMTOOL) are unique.

关键词： real time monitoring telemetry dam tilts diagnostic tools hysteresis nonlinear dynamics

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Progress in lifeline engineering researches

LI Jie

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 34-40 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0003-5

摘要： In this paper, an overview is given on several key issues and related research progress made in lifeline engineering. The research topics include: numerical modeling of random seismic waves, probabilistic density evolution analysis for nonlinear structural responses, and seismic reliability analysis of large-scale lifeline networks. In addition, a comparison is made between the domestic and international studies on the aforementioned topics. Several examples are included in the paper as the case studies. Recommendations are given for further development of the lifeline engineering research.

关键词： development comparison evolution analysis nonlinear structural large-scale

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Advanced finite element analysis of a complex deep excavation case history in Shanghai

Yuepeng DONG, Harvey BURD, Guy HOULSBY, Yongmao HOU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0232-3

摘要： The construction of the North Square Shopping Center of the Shanghai South Railway Station is a large scale complex top-down deep excavation project. The excavation is adjacent to several current and newly planned Metro lines, and influenced by a neighboring Exchange Station excavation. The highly irregular geometry of this excavation greatly increases the complexity in 3D Finite Element modeling. The advanced numerical modeling described in this paper includes detailed structural and geotechnical behavior. Important features are considered in the analysis, e.g., 1) the small-strain stiffness of the soil, 2) the construction joints in the diaphragm wall, 3) the shrinkage in the concrete floor slabs and beams, 4) the complex construction sequences, and 5) the shape effect of the deep excavation. The numerical results agree well with the field data, and some valuable conclusions are generated.

关键词： advanced finite element analysis deep excavations case history small-strain stiffness

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预应力混凝土简支箱梁足尺模型试验及非线性全过程分析

方志,唐盛华,何鑫

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 73-81

摘要：

对一片30 m跨的预应力混凝土小箱梁和一片20 m跨的预应力混凝土空心板进行了足尺模型试验，破坏模式分别为预应力筋拉断和顶板混凝土压碎，按能量的观点计算的延性指标小箱梁和空心板分别为1.99和1.23。基于平截面假定，采用有限条带法编制了非线性计算程序，可对包括卸载过程在内的全过程受力性能进行分析。重点介绍了卸载曲线如何在应力-应变、弯矩-曲率及荷载-位移3个层面进行计算。通过程序，对预应力筋配筋量、预应力筋张拉系数对结构的承载力、变形性能及延性的影响进行了分析。

关键词：预应力混凝土箱梁足尺模型试验非线性分析承载力延性

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大型重载支承轴的疲劳裂纹时间序列诊断分析

李学军,宾光富,王裕清

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第4期页码 50-53

摘要：

大型重载支承轴隐蔽部位由于发生不可观测的突发性疲劳断裂，严重影响正常生产，给企业带来重大经济损失；分析这类支承轴的结构特点与振动信号特征之间的关系，运用时序分析方法对振动信号进行建模，并采用残差 $σ_{a}^{2}$ 和归一化残差平方和NRSS作为识别疲劳裂纹状态的特征指标，有效诊断出了支承轴的疲劳裂纹程度。实验结果表明，采用 $σ_{a}^{2}$ 和NRSS作为特征指标的时序分析方法对大型重载支承轴隐蔽部位的疲劳裂纹状态进行诊断，比常规的时频幅值特征分析法更为敏感有效、简便易行，且具备很强的实用性。

关键词：大型重载支承轴隐蔽部位疲劳裂纹时间序列

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Multi-time scale dynamics in power electronics-dominated power systems

Xiaoming YUAN, Jiabing HU, Shijie CHENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 303-311 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0428-z

摘要：

Electric power infrastructure has recently undergone a comprehensive transformation from electromagnetics to semiconductors. Such a development is attributed to the rapid growth of power electronic converter applications in the load side to realize energy conservation and on the supply side for renewable generations and power transmissions using high voltage direct current transmission. This transformation has altered the fundamental mechanism of power system dynamics, which demands the establishment of a new theory for power system control and protection. This paper presents thoughts on a theoretical framework for the coming semiconducting power systems.

关键词： power electronics power systems multi-time scale dynamics mass-spring-damping model self-stabilizing and en-stabilizing property multi-time scale power system stabilizer

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A fast and accurate dynamic relaxation scheme

Mohammad REZAIEE-PAJAND, Mohammad MOHAMMADI-KHATAMI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 176-189 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0486-2

摘要： Dynamic relaxation method (DRM) is one of the suitable numerical procedures for nonlinear structural analysis. Adding the fictitious inertia and damping forces to the static equation, and turning it to the dynamic system, are the basis of this technique. Proper selection of the DRM artificial factors leads to the better convergence rate and efficient solutions. This study aims to increase the numerical stability, and to decrease the analysis time. To fulfil this objective, the reduction rate of analysis error for consecutive iterations is minimized. Based on this formulation, a new time step is found for the viscous dynamic relaxation. After combining this novel relationship with the other DRM factors, various geometrical nonlinear structures, such as, trusses, frames and shells are analyzed. The obtained results verify the efficiency of authors’ scheme.

关键词： viscous dynamic relaxation time step displacement error geometric nonlinear analysis

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reference tracking control design for a class of nonlinear systems with time-varying delays

Mei-qin LIU,Hai-yang CHEN,Sen-lin ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第9期页码 759-768 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500053

摘要： This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with timevarying delays by virtue of Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. A unified model consisting of a linear delayed dynamic system and a bounded static nonlinear operator is introduced, which covers most of the nonlinear systems with bounded nonlinear terms, such as the one-link robotic manipulator, chaotic systems, complex networks, the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and the standard genetic regulatory network (SGRN). First, the definition of the tracking control is given. Second, the performance analysis of the closed-loop system including this unified model, reference model, and state feedback controller is presented. Then criteria on the tracking controller design are derived in terms of LMIs such that the output of the closed-loop system tracks the given reference signal in the sense. The reference model adopted here is modified to be more flexible. A scaling factor is introduced to deal with the disturbance such that the control precision is improved. Finally, a CSTR system is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the established control laws.

关键词： H∞ reference tracking Nonlinear system State feedback control Time-varying delays Unified model

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Substance flow analysis for an urban drainage system of a representative hypothetical city in China

Hua BAI, Siyu ZENG, Xin DONG, Jining CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第5期页码 746-755 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0551-y

摘要： This paper discusses the use of substance flow analysis (SFA) as a tool to support quantified research on urban drainage systems. Based on the principle of mass balance, a static substance flow model is established to describe and examine the routes and intensities of water, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) for a representative hypothetical city (RH city) in China, which is a devised and scaled city using statistical characteristics of urban circumstances at the national level. It is estimated that the annual flux of water, COD, TN and TP through the urban drainage system in 2010 was 55.1 million m , 16037.3 t, 1649.5 t and 209.7 t, respectively. The effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was identified as the most important pathway for pollutant emissions, which contributed approximately 60% of COD, 65% of TN and 50% of TP to receiving water. During the wastewater treatment process, 1.0 million m , 7042.5 t, 584.2 t and 161.4 t of the four studied substances had been transmitted into sludge, meanwhile 3813.0 t of COD and 394.0 t of TN were converted and emitted to the atmosphere. Compared with the representative hypothetical city of 2000, urban population and the area of urban built districts had expanded by approximately 90% and 80% respectively during the decade, resulting in a more than threefold increase in the input of substances into the urban drainage system. Thanks to the development of urban drainage systems, the total loads of the city were maintained at a similar level.

关键词： substance flow analysis (SFA) urban drainage system representative hypothetical city (RH city) water pollution control

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Numerical analysis of nonlinear dynamic behavior of earth dams

Babak EBRAHIMIAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 24-40 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0082-6

摘要： A numerical study is conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of earth dams. The numerical investigation employs a fully nonlinear dynamic finite difference analysis incorporating a simple elastic perfectly plastic constitutive model to describe the stress-strain response of the soil and the Rayleigh damping to increase the level of hysteretic damping. The extended Masing rules are implemented into the constitutive model to explain more accurately the soil response under general cyclic loading. The soil stiffness and hysteretic damping change with loading history. The procedures for calibrating the constructed numerical model with centrifuge test data and also a real case history are explained. For the latter, the Long Valley (LV) earth dam subjected to the 1980 Mammoth Lake earthquake as a real case-history is analyzed and the obtained numerical results are compared with the real measurements at the site in both the time and frequency domains. Relatively good agreement is observed between computed and measured quantities. It seems that the Masing rules combined with a simple elasto-plastic model gives reasonable numerical predictions. Afterwards, a comprehensive parametric study is carried out to identify the effects of dam height, input motion characteristics, soil behavior, strength of the shell materials and dam reservoir condition on the dynamic response of earth dams. Three real earthquake records with different levels and peak acceleration values (PGAs) are used as input motions. The results show that the crest acceleration decreases when the dam height increases and no amplification is observed. Further, more inelastic behavior and more earthquake energy absorption are observed in higher dams.

关键词： earth dam numerical nonlinear response dynamic analysis earthquake dam height